Preparation of 2′‐Deoxy‐2′‐Methylseleno‐Modified Phosphoramidites and RNA
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Abstract
The derivatization of nucleic acids with selenium is a useful approach to facilitate phase determination during three?dimensional structural analysis by X?ray crystallography. This unit describes (1) the synthesis and characterization of 2??deoxy?2??methylseleno (2??Se?methyl) nucleosides and their corresponding 3??O ?(2?cyanoethyl)?N ,N ?diisopropylphosphoramidite derivatives, (2) the site?specific incorporation of 2??Se?methyl ribonucleosides into oligoribonucleotides by chemical RNA solid?phase synthesis, and (3) the enzymatic ligation of Se?containing RNA oligonucleotides to produce a biologically relevant RNA sequence.
Keywords: selenium; RNA; chemical synthesis; phosphoramidites; enzymatic ligation; X?ray crystallography
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PDF or HTML at Wiley Online LibraryTable of Contents
- Basic Protocol 1: Preparation of 2′‐Deoxy‐2′‐Methylselenouridine Phosphoramidite
- Alternate Protocol 1: Preparation of 2′‐Deoxy‐2′‐Methylselenocytidine Phosphoramidite
- Alternate Protocol 2: Preparation of 2′‐Deoxy‐2′‐Methylselenoadenosine Phosphoramidite
- Alternate Protocol 3: Preparation of 2′‐Deoxy‐2′‐Methylselenoguanosine Phosphoramidite
- Basic Protocol 2: Synthesis of RNA Oligonucleotides Containing 2′‐Methylseleno Nucleosides
- Basic Protocol 3: Deprotection, Purification, and Analysis of RNA Oligonucleotides Containing 2′‐Methylseleno Labels
- Basic Protocol 4: Enzymatic Ligation of Selenium‐Modified RNA Oligonucleotides Using T4 RNA Ligase
- Alternate Protocol 4: Enzymatic Ligation of Selenium‐Modified RNA Oligonucleotides Using T4 DNA Ligase
- Reagents and Solutions
- Commentary
- Literature Cited
- Figures
- Tables
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PDF or HTML at Wiley Online LibraryMaterials
Basic Protocol 1: Preparation of 2′‐Deoxy‐2′‐Methylselenouridine Phosphoramidite
Materials
Alternate Protocol 1: Preparation of 2′‐Deoxy‐2′‐Methylselenocytidine Phosphoramidite
Alternate Protocol 2: Preparation of 2′‐Deoxy‐2′‐Methylselenoadenosine Phosphoramidite
Alternate Protocol 3: Preparation of 2′‐Deoxy‐2′‐Methylselenoguanosine Phosphoramidite
Basic Protocol 2: Synthesis of RNA Oligonucleotides Containing 2′‐Methylseleno Nucleosides
Materials
Basic Protocol 3: Deprotection, Purification, and Analysis of RNA Oligonucleotides Containing 2′‐Methylseleno Labels
Materials
Basic Protocol 4: Enzymatic Ligation of Selenium‐Modified RNA Oligonucleotides Using T4 RNA Ligase
Materials
Alternate Protocol 4: Enzymatic Ligation of Selenium‐Modified RNA Oligonucleotides Using T4 DNA Ligase
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Figure 1.15.1 Preparation of a 2′‐deoxy‐2′‐methylselenouridine phosphoramidite building block for RNA solid‐phase synthesis (see ). DMF, N , N ‐dimethylformamide; DMTr, 4,4′‐dimethoxytrityl. View Image -
Figure 1.15.2 Preparation of a 2′‐deoxy‐2′‐methylselenocytidine phosphoramidite building block for RNA solid‐phase synthesis (see ). DMAP, 4‐( N , N ‐dimethylamino)pyridine; DMF, N , N ‐dimethylformamide; DMTr, 4,4′‐dimethoxytrityl; TBAF, tetra‐ n ‐butylammonium fluoride; TBDMS, tert ‐butyldimethylsilyl; THF, tetrahydrofuran; TPS, 2,4,6‐triisopropylbenzenesulfonyl. View Image -
Figure 1.15.3 Preparation of a 2′‐deoxy‐2′‐methylselenoadenosine phosphoramidite building block for RNA solid‐phase synthesis (see ). DMAP, 4‐( N , N ‐dimethylamino)pyridine; DMTr, 4,4′‐dimethoxytrityl; TBAF, tetra‐ n ‐butylammonium fluoride; Tf, trifluoromethanesulfonyl; THF, tetrahydrofuran; TOM, [(triisopropylsilyl)oxy]methyl. View Image -
Figure 1.15.4 Preparation of a 2′‐deoxy‐2′‐methylselenoguanosine phosphoramidite building block for RNA solid‐phase synthesis (see ). DIAD, diisopropyl azodicarboxylate; DMAP, 4‐( N , N ‐dimethylamino)pyridine; DMF, N , N ‐dimethylformamide; DMTr, 4,4′‐dimethoxytrityl; NPE, 2‐(4‐nitrophenyl)ethyl; PPh3 , triphenylphosphine; TBAF, tetra‐ n ‐butylammonium fluoride; Tf, trifluoromethanesulfonyl; THF, tetrahydrofuran; TIPSCl2 , 1,3‐dichloro‐1,1,3,3‐tetraisopropyldisiloxane. View Image -
Figure 1.15.5 Enzymatic ligation of the adenine deaminase ( add ) adenine riboswitch aptamer domain ( Vibrio vulnificus ) with 2′‐methylseleno labels. Ligation of the 71‐nt RNA was achieved using T4 RNA ligase (0.20 U/µL; c RNA = 40 µM each strand; donor/acceptor = 1/1) at 21°C. DTT in ligation buffer is dithiothreitol. Analysis of the experiment by anion‐exchange HPLC, denaturating PAGE, and LC‐ESI‐MS. View Image -
Figure 1.15.6 Enzymatic ligation of the adenine deaminase ( add ) adenine riboswitch aptamer domain ( Vibrio vulnificus ) with 2′‐methylseleno labels. Ligation of the 71‐nt RNA was achieved using T4 DNA ligase and a 2′‐ O ‐methyl RNA splint oligonucleotide (0.25 U/µL; c RNA = 10 µM each strand; donor/acceptor/splint = 1/1/1) at 37°C. DTT in ligation buffer is dithiothreitol. ~undefinedSlight degradation of the product at 37°C was accepted for higher reaction rates). View Image
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Literature Cited
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