Transcription of cRNA probe

Reagents/Solutions

DNA (PCR or plasmid) with bacteriophage RNA polymerase promoter in suitable orientation (see note 1) ~1μg/μl in TE buffer

10mM MgCl2

5x Transcription Buffer

0.2M Tris - HCl pH 7.5

50mM NaCl

10mM spermidine

30mM MgCl2

0.1M dithiothreitol

Bacteriophage RNA polymerase (50U/μl)

RNase Inhibitor

NTP mix (10mM ATP, CTP, GTP, 6.5mM UTP, 3.5mM digoxigenin or fluorescein UTP)

10% sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS).

2-mercaptoethanol

Protocol

Place 5μl template DNA in a clean eppendorf tube (see note 2). Place tube on ice.

Add in the following order:

1μl 10mM MgCl2

14μl H2O

5μl 0.1M dithiotreitol

5μl labelling NTP mix

10μl 5x reaction buffer

5μl RNase inhibitor (200U)

5μl Bacteriophage RNA polymerase (250U)

Mix by pipetting up and down or gently flicking the tube. It is best to avoid vortexing at this stage.

Incubate at 37 to 40°C for 2 hours.

Analyse a small sample by non-denaturing agarose gel electrophoresis and visualise bands by ethidium bromide staining and UV illumination (see note 3).

Stop transcription reaction by addition of 5μl SDS, 2μl 2-mercaptoethanol and incubation at 80°C for 5 minutes.

Store probe at -20°C until required. Multiple rounds of thawing / freezing do not appear to significantly reduce the activity of the probe.

Note 1.Suitable plasmid DNA may be obtained from cloning your desired fragment into the multiple cloning site of an appropriate vector e.g. Stratagene's pBluescript or Promega's (or, if you are not in europe Promega) pGEM4Z. Plasmid preparations must be very carefully extracted with phenol / chloroform to remove the added RNase A. They should also be fully linearized. Select a restriction endonuclease which will cut in the multiple cloning site between the 5' end of the insert and the adjacent bacteriophage RNA polymerase promoter. To transcribe the antisense RNA required for a probe in Northern blots, use RNA polymerase which is active on the promoter adjacent to the 3' end of your insert.

Suitable PCR DNA may be obtained from a standard 100μl reaction where the 3' (downstream) primer contains (at its 5' end) the SP6 promoter sequence (5' ...TAC AAG GAA TTG GAT TTA GGT GAC ACT ATA GAG A - YOUR GENE SPECIFIC SEQUENCE... 3') or the T7 promoter sequence (5' ...GGG GCC AAG CAC TAA TAC GAC TCA CTA TAG GG - YOUR GENE SPECIFIC SEQUENCE... 3'). Phenol / chloroform extract, isopropanol or ethanol precipitate and resuspend in 5μl TE buffer. Inclusion of the bacteriophage RNA polymerase promoter sequence regions also provides a convenient target for non - radioactive PCR sequencing of your amplified product using a 5' digoxigenin or fluorescein labelled SP6 or T7 primer.

Note 2. A stock of eppendorf tubes which are sterile for tissue culture purposes and clean for PCR and RNA applications may be simply obtained. Purchase a bag of tubes which are supplied in a fully airtight bag (e.g. 'real' Eppendorfs). Without opening or tearing the bag carefully close all of the lids. Tedious but effective.

Note 3. Keep one minigel type apparatus solely for use with RNA applications. Remove RNases: I find that a 1 - 2 hour soak in 2% Micro (or equivalent) followed by a rinse with H2O suffices for this. For the gel I find it simplest to include the ethidium bromide in both gel and (TAE) buffer. Digoxigenin and fluorescein - UTP reduces transcription efficiency, you won't get as much RNA as you might hope, but you should still have more than enough. Furthermore, the digoxigenin or fluorescein groups incorporated into the transcript significantly reduce its electrophoreitic mobility. In many cases the single stranded RNA product may only just resolve from the double stranded PCR DNA template.

Note 4. This protocol is an adaption of that described by Holtke and Kessler Nucleic Acids Research (1990) Vol. 18 pp. 5843-5851. Digoxigenin is trademarked by Boehringer Mannheim.