The search of potential novel therapeutical targets for neuroprotection has been widely intensified since the usefulness of
microarray techniques. Indeed, this recent technology (also called Gene chip) provides a powerful tool to examine gene expression
changes of thousands of genes at the same time, on a single chip in the brain. Arrays can paint a picture or “profile” (gene
profiling, gene expression patterns) of which genes in the genome are active in a particular cell type and under a particular
condition. In this chapter, we will describe the methods to perform microarrays and analyze the following data using GeneChip�
technology (Affymetrix, Inc., Santa Clara, CA, USA), to identify, for example, potential brain neuroprotective targets. Moreover,
step-by-step explanations of software operation will be provided. Finally, methods are presented to validate the gene expression
changes revealed from the microarray analyses.