检测口腔癌的新工具
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美国研究人员说，他们开发出一种非侵入式且无痛的诊断口腔癌的新方法。
研究人员在美国新一期《癌症预防研究》（Cancer Prevention Research）杂志上报告说，这种新型检测工具形状和大小与牙刷类似，内置一个芯片。它不仅具有非侵入性和无痛的优点，而且检测只需15分钟。普通的活体组织检查一般需要数天时间才能得出结果。
来自美国莱斯大学和得克萨斯大学的研究人员说，这种新型纳米生物芯片在口腔癌检测的敏感度上已十分接近侵入式技术，达到侵入式技术敏感度的97%。它在检测恶性病变或癌前病变病人的精确率上已达到93%。
这项研究的带头人、莱斯大学的约翰·麦克德维特在一份声明中说：“这项研究的最重要发现之一是，这种非侵入性的小型仪器在检测口腔癌时可以和病理学家得出近乎一样的结果。”
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Nano-Bio-Chip Sensor Platform for Examination of Oral Exfoliative Cytology
Shannon E. Weigum1, Pierre N. Floriano1, Spencer W. Redding4, Chih-Ko Yeh4, Stephen D. Westbrook4, H. Stan McGuff 5, Alan Lin4, Frank R. Miller6, Fred Villarreal6, Stephanie D. Rowan6, Nadarajah Vigneswaran2, Michelle D. Williams3 and John T. McDevitt1
Authors Affiliations:
1Departments of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Rice University;2Department of Diagnostic Science, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; 3Department of Pathology, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; and Departments of
4Dental Diagnostic Science, 5Pathology, and 6Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
【Abstract】Oral cancer is a deadly and disfiguring disease that could greatly benefit from new diagnostic approaches enabling early detection. In this pilot study, we describe a nano-bio-chip (NBC) sensor technique for analysis of oral cancer biomarkers in exfoliative cytology specimens, targeting both biochemical and morphologic changes associated with early oral tumorigenesis. Here, oral lesions from 41 dental patients, along with normal epithelium from 11 healthy volunteers, were sampled using a noninvasive brush biopsy technique. Specimens were enriched, immunolabeled, and imaged in the NBC sensor according to previously established assays for the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) biomarker and cytomorphometry. A total of 51 measurement parameters were extracted using custom image analysis macros, including EGFR labeling intensity, cell and nuclear size, and the nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio. Four key parameters were significantly elevated in both dysplastic and malignant lesions relative to healthy oral epithelium, including the nuclear area and diameter (P < 0.0001), the nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio (P < 0.0001), and EGFR biomarker expression (P < 0.03). Further examination using logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curve analyses identified morphologic features as the best predictors of disease (area under the curve ≤0.93) individually, whereas a combination of all features further enhanced discrimination of oral cancer and precancerous conditions (area under the curve, 0.94) with high sensitivity and specificity. Further clinical trials are necessary to validate the regression model and evaluate other potential biomarkers, but this pilot study supports the NBC sensor technique as a promising new diagnostic tool for early detection of oral cancer, which could enhance patient care and survival.
