Fas/Fas L信号通路图

相关专题

细胞凋亡专题

<center> </center>

Fas/Fas L信号通路最早被证明在细胞凋亡中起着重要的作用。Fas是一种跨膜蛋白，属于肿瘤坏死因子受体超家族成员，它与FasL结合可以启动凋亡信号的转导引起细胞凋亡。它的活化包括一系列步骤：首先配体诱导受体三聚体化，然后在细胞膜 上形成凋亡诱导复合物，这个复合物中包括带有死亡结构域的Fas相关蛋白FADD。Fas一旦和配体FasL结合，可通过Fas分子启动致死性信号转导，最终引起细胞一系列特征性变化，使细胞死亡。

Receptors in the TNF receptor family are associated with the induction of apoptosis, as well as inflammatory signaling. The Fas receptor (CD95) mediates apoptotic signaling by Fas-ligand expressed on the surface of other Cell s. The Fas-FasL interaction plays an important role in the immune system and lack of this system leads to autoimmunity, indicating that Fas-mediated apoptosis removes self-reactive lymphocytes. Fas signaling is also involved in immune surveillance to remove transformed cells and virus infected cells. Binding of FAS to oligimerized FasL on another cell activates apoptotic signaling through a cytoplasmic domain termed the death domain that interacts with signaling adaptors including FAF, FADD and DAX to activate the caspase proteolytic cascade. Caspase-8 and caspase-10 are first activated, to then cleave and activate downstream caspases, and a variety of cellular substrates that lead to cell death. Caspases cleave nuclear lamins, causing the nucleus to break down and lose its normal structure and another caspase substrate is DFF, inducing cleavage and degradation of the genome. Other caspase substrates are involved in cytoskeletal structure, cell cycle regulation and signaling pathways. Activation of JNK kinase, activation of Jun, and production of ceramide may also play roles in Fas-mediated apoptosis. Activation of fas-mediated apoptosis is opposed by I-FLICE and FAP. Viruses and tumors may escape immune surveillance in part through suppression of fas-mediated apoptosis using similar mechanisms.