Callus Culture and Regeneration

Regeneration of plants by micropropagation of in vitro cultures can be achieved from organ primordia existing m shoot tips and axillary bud explants. Alternatively, plants can be regenerated from unorganized callus tissues derived from different explants by dedifferentiation induced by exogenous growth regulators. Plant regeneration from call1 is possible by de MWO organogenesis or somatic embryogenesis. Callus cultures also facilitate the amphfication of limitmg plant material. In addition, plant regeneration from call1 permits the isolation of rare somaclonal variants which result either from an existmg genetic variability in somatic cells or from the induction of mutations, chromosome aberrations, and epigenetic changes by the m vitro applied environmental stimuli, including growth factors added to the cultured cells (1 –3 ).