Biometrics（生物统计学）

u Biometrics:

 

Biometrics refers to the automatic identification of a person based on his/her physiological or behavioral characteristics. This method of identification is preferred over traditional methods involving passwords and PIN numbers for various reasons: (i) the person to be identified is required to be physically present at the point-of-identification; (ii) identification based on biometric techniques obviates the need to remember a password or carry a token. With the increased use of computers as vehicles of information technology, it is necessary to restrict access to sensitive/personal data. By replacing PINs, biometric techniques can potentially prevent unauthorized access to or fraudulent use of ATMs, cellular phones, smart cards, desktop PCs, workstations, and computer networks. PINs and passwords may be forgotten, and token based methods of identification like passports and driver's licenses may be forged, stolen, or lost. Thus biometric systems of identification are enjoying a renewed interest. Various types of biometric systems are being used for real-time identification, the most popular are based on face recognition and fingerprint matching. However, there are other biometric systems that utilize iris and retinal scan, speech, facial thermograms, and hand geometry.

 

A biometric system is essentially a pattern recognition system which makes a personal identification by determining the authenticity of a specific physiological or behavioral characteristic possessed by the user. An important issue in designing a practical system is to determine how an individual is identified. Depending on the context, a biometric system can be either a verification (authentication) system or an identification system.

 

u Verification vs Identification:

 

There are two different ways to resolve a person's identity: verification and identification. Verification (Am I whom I claim I am? ) involves confirming or denying a person's claimed identity . In identification, one has to establish a person's identity (Who am I? ). Each one of these approaches has its own complexities and could probably be solved best by a certain biometric system.

 

u Applications:

 

Biometrics is a rapidly evolving technology which has been widely used in forensics such as criminal identification and prison security. Recent advancements in biometric sensors and matching algorithms have led to the deployment of biometric authentication in a large number of civilian applications. Biometrics can be used to prevent unauthorized access to ATMs, cellular phones, smart cards, desktop PCs, workstations, and computer networks. It can be used during transactions conducted via telephone and Internet (electronic commerce and electronic banking). In automobiles, biometrics can replace keys with key-less entry and key-less ignition.

 

百岛潮统计论坛http://www.baidao.net/stat/cgi-bin/forum_show.cgi
医学统计之星www.MedStatStar.com
37℃的医学统计软件介绍http://www.37c.com.cn/topic/009/00901.asp
SPSS俱乐部http://www.spssclub.com/cgi-bin/forum_show.cgi
生物医学统计咨询网站http://asp2.6to23.com/stathlp/index.asp
free online calculators for scientisthttp://www.graphpad.com/quickcalcs/index.cfm
Web Chi Square Calculatorhttp://www.georgetown.edu/faculty/ballc/webtools/web_chi.html#doit
Vanderbilt大学医学中心统计学分部http://www.mc.vanderbilt.edu/prevmed/biostatistics.htm
诊断试验评价与数据挖掘http://statdtedm.6to23.com
数理统计论坛http://www.statforum.com/
英文统计在线教程http://www2.chass.ncsu.edu/garson/pa765/statnote.htm
UCLA网上统计教学http://www.ats.ucla.edu/stat/
SAS软件爱好者天地http://www.sasor.com/
Epidemiology Program Officehttp://www.cdc.gov/epiinfo/index.htm
SPSS FOR WINDOWS简明教程http://www.fjmu.edu.cn/news/spss/index.htm
均匀设计与参数优化http://ust40.533.net/
SPSS英文官方网站www.spss.com
Number Cruncher Statistical System官方网站 http://www.ncss.com/
Statistica官方网站 http://www.statsoft.com/
The Comprehensive R Archive Network官方网站http://cran.r-project.org/
NOSA统计分析软件网站 http://nosa.myrice.com/
研究人员之家 http://www.fengsb.com/index.asp
SPSS10.0英文教程 http://s9000.furman.edu/mellonj/spss1.htm
动态统计演示教学 http://faculty.uncfsu.edu/dwallace/
DAU STAT REFERENCER http://cne.gmu.edu/modules/dau/stat/
数据挖掘讨论组 http://www.dmgroup.org.cn/index.htm
数据挖掘爱好者 http://www.qstat.net/DM_treeview/index.htm
国产统计软件PEMS 3.0 http://www.pems888.com/index.htm
统计学英文指南 http://home.okstate.edu/homepages.nsf/toc/onlinetutorialsstatistics
国产统计软件cs2000 http://www.sph.sdu.edu.cn/tongji.htm
Free full-text health book——Clinical investigation Epidemiology
中国药物评价网http://www.drugchina.net/
医学统计在线 http://gr.sxmu.edu.cn/zhangyanbo