Optimization of Steady-State 13C-Labeling Experiments for Metabolic Flux Analysis

While steady-state ¹³ C metabolic flux analysis is a powerful method for deducing multiple fluxes in the central metabolic network of heterotrophic and mixotrophic plant tissues, it is also time-consuming and technically challenging. Key steps in the design and interpretation of steady-state ¹³ C labeling experiments are illustrated with a generic protocol based on applications to plant cell suspension cultures.