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Measurement of Pentosidine in Biological Samples

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Pentosidine is a highly fluorescent advanced glycation end product (AGE) and crosslink derived from one molecule of arginine and one of lysine bridged in an imidazo-pyridinium structure (Fig. 1 ). It was first isolated from articular cartilage by Sell and Monnier ( 1 ), and has now been detected and quantified in a variety of human and animal tissues, including skin and kidney collagen ( 25 ), lens crystallins ( 6 , 7 ), plasma ( 8 , 9 ), serum ( 10 ), urine ( 11 ), and synovial fluid ( 12 , 13 ). Pentosidine is readily prepared from arginine, lysine, and a pentose (hence its name). Dyer et al. ( 14 ) have also described its formation from glucose, albeit at a slower rate and probably through oxidation of glucose to arabinose ( 15 ). Because its formation from either glucose or ribose requires oxidation, pentosidine is both an AGE and a “glycoxidation” product ( 16 ).
Fig. 1.  Structure of pentosidine.

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