Transformation of Bacteria by Electroporation
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The use of an electrical field to permeabilize cells reversibly (electroporation) has become a valuable technique for transference of DNA into both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. Many species of bacteria have been successfully electroporated (1 ) and many strains of E. coli are routinely electrotransformed to efficiencies of 109 and 1010 transformants/�g DNA. Frequencies of transformation can be as high as 80% of the surviving cells and DNA capacities of nearly 10 �g of transforming DNA/mL are possible (2 ).