miRNA技术详述

^ Mourelatos Z, Dostie J, Paushkin S, et al. (March 2002). "miRNPs: a novel class of ribonucleoproteins containing numerous microRNAs". Genes Dev. 16 (6): 720–8. doi:10.1101/gad.974702. PMC 155365. PMID 11914277. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=155365.

^ Lim, Lee; Nelson C. Lau, Philip Garrett-Engele, Andrew Grimson, Janell M. Schelter, John Castle, David P. Bartel, Peter S. Linsley, Jason M. Johnson (17). "Microarray analysis shows that some microRNAs downregulate large number of target mRNAs". Nature 433 (7027): 769–773. doi:10.1038/nature03315. PMID 15685193.

^ a b c Kai, Z.; Pasquinelli, A. (2010). "MicroRNA assassins: factors that regulate the disappearance of miRNAs". Nature structural & molecular biology 17 (1): 5–10. doi:10.1038/nsmb.1762. PMID 20051982. edit

^ Chatterjee S, Großhans H (September 2009). "Active turnover modulates mature microRNA activity in Caenorhabditis elegans". Nature 461 (7263): 546–459. doi:10.1038/nature08349. PMID 19734881.

^ Wang XJ, Reyes JL, Chua NH, Gaasterland T (2004). "Prediction and identification of Arabidopsis thaliana microRNAs and their mRNA targets". Genome Biol. 5 (9): R65. doi:10.1186/gb-2004-5-9-r65. PMC 522872. PMID 15345049. http://genomebiology.com/2004/5/9/R65.

^ Kawasaki H, Taira K (2004). "MicroRNA-196 inhibits HOXB8 expression in myeloid differentiation of HL60 cells". Nucleic Acids Symp Ser 48 (48): 211–2. doi:10.1093/nass/48.1.211. PMID 17150553.

^ a b Moxon S, Jing R, Szittya G, et al. (October 2008). "Deep sequencing of tomato short RNAs identifies microRNAs targeting genes involved in fruit ripening". Genome Res. 18 (10): 1602–9. doi:10.1101/gr.080127.108. PMC 2556272. PMID 18653800. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2556272.

^ Williams AE (February 2008). "Functional aspects of animal microRNAs". Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 65 (4): 545–62. doi:10.1007/s00018-007-7355-9. PMID 17965831.

^ Eulalio A, Huntzinger E, Nishihara T, Rehwinkel J, Fauser M, Izaurralde E (January 2009). "Deadenylation is a widespread effect of miRNA regulation". RNA 15 (1): 21–32. doi:10.1261/rna.1399509. PMC 2612776. PMID 19029310. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2612776.

^ Mazière P, Enright AJ (June 2007). "Prediction of microRNA targets". Drug Discov. Today 12 (11-12): 452–8. doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2007.04.002. PMID 17532529.

^ Tan Y, Zhang B, Wu T, et al. (February 2009). "Transcriptional inhibition of Hoxd4 expression by noncoding RNAs in human breast cancer cells". BMC Mol. Biol. 10: 12. doi:10.1186/1471-2199-10-12. PMC 2680403. PMID 19232136. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2680403.

^ Hawkins PG, Morris KV (March 2008). "RNA and transcriptional modulation of gene expression". Cell Cycle 7 (5): 602–7. doi:10.4161/cc.7.5.5522. PMC 2877389. PMID 18256543. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2877389.

^ Stark A, Brennecke J, Bushati N, Russell RB, Cohen SM (2005). "Animal MicroRNAs confer robustness to gene expression and have a significant impact on 3'UTR evolution". Cell 123 (6): 1133–46. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2005.11.023. PMID 16337999.

^ Li LC (2008). "Small RNA-Mediated Gene Activation". RNA and the Regulation of Gene Expression: A Hidden Layer of Complexity. Caister Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-904455-25-7. http://www.horizonpress.com/rnareg.

^ Place RF, Li LC, Pookot D, Noonan EJ, Dahiya R (2008). "MicroRNA-373 induces expression of genes with complementary promoter sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105 (5): 1608–13. doi:10.1073/pnas.0707594105. PMC 2234192. PMID 18227514. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2234192.

^ Salmena, Leonardo; Poliseno, Laura; Tay, Yvonne; Kats, Lev; Pandolfi, Pier Paolo (2011). "A ceRNA Hypothesis: The Rosetta Stone of a Hidden RNA Language?". Cell (Elsevier Inc) 146 (3): 353–358. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2011.07.014. http://www.cell.com/abstract/S0092-8674(11)00812-9. Retrieved 15 August 2011.

^ a b Wheeler, B.; Heimberg, A.; Moy, V.; Sperling, E.; Holstein, T.; Heber, S.; Peterson, K. (2009). "The deep evolution of metazoan microRNAs". Evolution & development 11 (1): 50–68. doi:10.1111/j.1525-142X.2008.00302.x. PMID 19196333. edit

^ a b Heimberg, A.; Sempere, L.; Moy, V.; Donoghue, P.; Peterson, K. (2008). "MicroRNAs and the advent of vertebrate morphological complexity". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 105 (8): 2946–2950. Bibcode 2008PNAS..105.2946H. doi:10.1073/pnas.0712259105. PMC 2268565. PMID 18287013. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2268565. edit

^ a b c Peterson, K.; Dietrich, M.; McPeek, M. (2009). "MicroRNAs and metazoan macroevolution: insights into canalization, complexity, and the Cambrian explosion". BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology 31 (7): 736–747. doi:10.1002/bies.200900033. PMID 19472371. edit

^ a b c Nozawa, M.; Miura, S.; Nei, M. (2010). "Origins and Evolution of MicroRNA Genes in Drosophila Species". Genome Biology and Evolution 2010: 180–189. doi:10.1093/gbe/evq009. PMC 2942034. PMID 20624724. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2942034. edit

^ Caravas, J.; Friedrich, M. (2010). "Of mites and millipedes: Recent progress in resolving the base of the arthropod tree". BioEssays 32 (6): 488. doi:10.1002/bies.201000005. PMID 20486135. edit

^ Cock, J. M.; Sterck, L.; Rouzé, P.; Scornet, D.; Allen, A. E.; Amoutzias, G.; Anthouard, V.; Artiguenave, F. O. et al. (2010). "The Ectocarpus genome and the independent evolution of multicellularity in brown algae". Nature 465 (7298): 617–621. Bibcode 2010Natur.465..617C. doi:10.1038/nature09016. PMID 20520714. edit

^ Dimond, Patricia F. (15 March 2010). "miRNAs' Therapeutic Potential". Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News 30 (6): p. 1. Archived from the original on 10 July 2010. http://www.webcitation.org/5r7L7BfnG. Retrieved 10 July 2010

^ Tjaden, B.; Goodwin, S. S.; Opdyke, J. A.; Guillier, M.; Fu, D. X.; Gottesman, S.; Storz, G. (2006). "Target prediction for small, noncoding RNAs in bacteria". Nucleic Acids Research 34 (9): 2791. doi:10.1093/nar/gkl356. PMC 1464411. PMID 16717284. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1464411. edit

^ Caifu, Chen; Dana A. Ridzon, Adam J. Broomer, Zhaohui Zhou, Danny H. Lee, Julie T. Nguyen, Maura Barbisin, Nan Lan Xu, Vikram R. Mahuvakar, Mark R. Andersen, Kai Qin Lao, Kenneth J. Livak and Karl J. Guegler (2005-10-25). "Real-time quantification of microRNAs by stem–loop RT–PCR". Nucleic Acids Research 33 (20): e179. doi:10.1093/nar/gni178. PMC 1292995. PMID 16314309. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1292995.

^ Shingara J, Keiger K, Shelton J, Laosinchai-Wolf W, Powers P, Conrad R, Brown D, Labourier E (September 2005). "An optimized isolation and labeling platform for accurate microRNA expression profiling". RNA 11 (9): 1461–70. doi:10.1261/rna.2610405. PMC 1370829. PMID 16043497. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1370829.

^ Buermans HP, Ariyurek Y, van Ommen G, den Dunnen JT, 't Hoen PA. (December 2010). "New methods for next generation sequencing based microRNA expression profiling". BMC Genomics 11: 716. doi:10.1186/1471-2164-11-716. PMC 3022920. PMID 21171994. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3022920.

^ Kloosterman WP, Wienholds E, Ketting RF, Plasterk RH (2004). "Substrate requirements for let-7 function in the developing zebrafish embryo". Nucleic Acids Res. 32 (21): 6284–91. doi:10.1093/nar/gkh968. PMC 535676. PMID 15585662. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=535676.

^ Flynt AS, Li N, Thatcher EJ, Solnica-Krezel L, Patton JG (February 2007). "Zebrafish miR-214 modulates Hedgehog signaling to specify muscle cell fate". Nat. Genet. 39 (2): 259–63. doi:10.1038/ng1953. PMID 17220889.

^ Meister G, Landthaler M, Dorsett Y, Tuschl T (March 2004). "Sequence-specific inhibition of microRNA- and siRNA-induced RNA silencing". RNA 10 (3): 544–50. doi:10.1261/rna.5235104. PMC 1370948. PMID 14970398. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1370948.

^ Kloosterman WP, Lagendijk AK, Ketting RF, Moulton JD, Plasterk RH (August 2007). "Targeted inhibition of miRNA maturation with morpholinos reveals a role for miR-375 in pancreatic islet development". PLoS Biol. 5 (8): e203. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0050203. PMC 1925136. PMID 17676975. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1925136.

^ Choi, WY; Giraldez AJ, Schier AF (2007). "Target Protectors Reveal Dampening and Balancing of Nodal Agonist and Antagonist by miR-430.". Science. 318 (5848): 271–4. doi:10.1126/science.1147535. PMID 17761850.

^ Klein, E.; Lioy, T.; Ma, L.; Impey, S.; Mandel, G.; Goodman, H. (Dec 2007). "Homeostatic regulation of MeCP2 expression by a CREB-induced microRNA". Nature neuroscience 10 (12): 1513–1514. doi:10.1038/nn2010. ISSN 1097-6256. PMID 17994015. edit

^ You Y, Moreira BG, Behlke MA, Owczarzy R (2006). "Design of LNA probes that improve mismatch discrimination". Nucleic Acids Res 34 (8): e60. doi:10.1093/nar/gkl175. PMC 1456327. PMID 16670427. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1456327.

^ Kaur H, Arora A, Wengel J, Maiti S, Arora A, Wengel J, Maiti S (2006). "Thermodynamic, Counterion, and Hydration Effects for the Incorporation of Locked Nucleic Acid Nucleotides into DNA Duplexes". Biochemistry 45 (23): 7347–55. doi:10.1021/bi060307w. PMID 16752924.

^ Jiang Q, Wang Y, Hao Y, Juan L, Teng M, Zhang X, Li M, Wang G, Liu Y. (January 2009). "miR2Disease: a manually curated database for microRNA deregulation in human disease.". Nucleic Acids Research. 37 (Database issue) (Database issue): D98–104. doi:10.1093/nar/gkn714. PMC 2686559. PMID 18927107. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2686559.

^ a b He L, Thomson JM, Hemann MT, et al. (June 2005). "A microRNA polycistron as a potential human oncogene". Nature 435 (7043): 828–33. doi:10.1038/nature03552. PMID 15944707.

^ Mraz M, Pospisilova S, Malinova K, et al. (March 2009). "MicroRNAs in chronic lymphocytic leukemia pathogenesis and disease subtypes". Leuk Lymphoma 50 (3): 506–9. doi:10.1080/10428190902763517. PMID 19347736.

^ Cui JW, Li YJ, Sarkar A, Brown J, Tan YH, Premyslova M, Michaud C, Iscove N, Wang GJ, Ben-David Y. (June 2007). "Retroviral insertional activation of the Fli-3 locus in erythroleukemias encoding a cluster of microRNAs that convert Epo-induced differentiation to proliferation.". Blood 110 (7): 2631–40. doi:10.1182/blood-2006-10-053850. PMID 17586726.

^ O'Donnell KA, Wentzel EA, Zeller KI, Dang CV, Mendell JT (June 2005). "c-Myc-regulated microRNAs modulate E2F1 expression". Nature 435 (7043): 839–43. doi:10.1038/nature03677. PMID 15944709.

^ Lu J, Getz G, Miska EA, et al. (June 2005). "MicroRNA expression profiles classify human cancers". Nature 435 (7043): 834–8. doi:10.1038/nature03702. PMID 15944708.

^ Zanesi, N; et al. (2010). "MicroRNAs in mouse models of lymphoid malignancies.". J Nucl Acid Invest 1 (8): 36–40. doi:10.4081/jnai.2010.e8.

^ Screening Tool Can Detect Colorectal Cancer from a Small Blood Sample (Press release). American Association for Cancer Research. 2010-09-29. http://www.aacr.org/home/public--media/aacr-press-releases.aspx?d=2068. Retrieved 2010-11-29.

^ Nielsen BS, Jørgensen S, Fog JU, Søkilde R, Christensen IJ, Hansen U, Brünner N, Baker A, Møller S, Nielsen HJ (October 2010). "High levels of microRNA-21 in the stroma of colorectal cancers predict short disease-free survival in stage II colon cancer patients". Clin Exp Metastasis 28 (1): 27–38. doi:10.1007/s10585-010-9355-7. PMC 2998639. PMID 21069438. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2998639.

^ Chen JF, Murchison EP, Tang R, et al. (February 2008). "Targeted deletion of Dicer in the heart leads to dilated cardiomyopathy and heart failure". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105 (6): 2111–6. doi:10.1073/pnas.0710228105. PMC 2542870. PMID 18256189. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2542870.

^ a b Zhao Y, Ransom JF, Li A, et al. (April 2007). "Dysregulation of cardiogenesis, cardiac conduction, and cell cycle in mice lacking miRNA-1-2". Cell 129 (2): 303–17. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2007.03.030. PMID 17397913.

^ Thum T, Galuppo P, Wolf C, et al. (July 2007). "MicroRNAs in the human heart: a clue to fetal gene reprogramming in heart failure". Circulation 116 (3): 258–67. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.687947. PMID 17606841.

^ van Rooij E, Sutherland LB, Liu N, et al. (November 2006). "A signature pattern of stress-responsive microRNAs that can evoke cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 103 (48): 18255–60. doi:10.1073/pnas.0608791103. PMC 1838739. PMID 17108080. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1838739.

^ Tatsuguchi M, Seok HY, Callis TE, et al. (June 2007). "Expression of microRNAs is dynamically regulated during cardiomyocyte hypertrophy". J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. 42 (6): 1137–41. doi:10.1016/j.yjmcc.2007.04.004. PMC 1934409. PMID 17498736. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1934409.

^ Zhao Y, Samal E, Srivastava D (July 2005). "Serum response factor regulates a muscle-specific microRNA that targets Hand2 during cardiogenesis". Nature 436 (7048): 214–20. doi:10.1038/nature03817. PMID 15951802.

^ Xiao J, Luo X, Lin H, et al. (April 2007). "MicroRNA miR-133 represses HERG K+ channel expression contributing to QT prolongation in diabetic hearts". J. Biol. Chem. 282 (17): 12363–7. doi:10.1074/jbc.C700015200. PMID 17344217. http://www.jbc.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=17344217.

^ Yang B, Lin H, Xiao J, et al. (April 2007). "The muscle-specific microRNA miR-1 regulates cardiac arrhythmogenic potential by targeting GJA1 and KCNJ2". Nat. Med. 13 (4): 486–91. doi:10.1038/nm1569. PMID 17401374.

^ Carè A, Catalucci D, Felicetti F, et al. (May 2007). "MicroRNA-133 controls cardiac hypertrophy". Nat. Med. 13 (5): 613–8. doi:10.1038/nm1582. PMID 17468766.

^ van Rooij E, Sutherland LB, Qi X, Richardson JA, Hill J, Olson EN (April 2007). "Control of stress-dependent cardiac growth and gene expression by a microRNA". Science (journal) 316 (5824): 575–9. doi:10.1126/science.1139089. PMID 17379774.

^ Maes OC, Chertkow HM, Wang E, Schipper HM (May 2009). "MicroRNA: Implications for Alzheimer Disease and other Human CNS Disorders". Current Genomics 10 (3): 154–68. doi:10.2174/138920209788185252. PMC 2705849. PMID 19881909. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2705849.

^ Schratt G (December 2009). "microRNAs at the synapse". Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 10 (12): 842–9. doi:10.1038/nrn2763. PMID 19888283.

^ Feng J, Sun G, Yan J, Noltner K, Li W, Buzin CH, Longmate J, Heston LL, Rossi J, Sommer SS (2009). Reif, Andreas. ed. "Evidence for X-chromosomal schizophrenia associated with microRNA alterations". PLoS ONE 4 (7): e6121. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0006121. PMC 2699475. PMID 19568434. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2699475.

^ Beveridge NJ, Gardiner E, Carroll AP, Tooney PA, Cairns MJ (September 2009). "Schizophrenia is associated with an increase in cortical microRNA biogenesis". Mol. Psychiatry 15 (12): 1176–89. doi:10.1038/mp.2009.84. PMC 2990188. PMID 19721432. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2990188.

^ Pheasant M, Mattick JS (September 2007). "Raising the estimate of functional human sequences". Genome Res. 17 (9): 1245–53. doi:10.1101/gr.6406307. PMID 17690206.

^ Bertone P, Stolc V, Royce TE, Rozowsky JS, Urban AE, Zhu X, Rinn JL, Tongprasit W, Samanta M, Weissman S, Gerstein M, Snyder M (December 2004). "Global identification of human transcribed sequences with genome tiling arrays". Science 306 (5705): 2242–6. doi:10.1126/science.1103388. PMID 15539566.

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^ Kuhn DE, Martin MM, Feldman DS, Terry AV, Nuovo GJ, Elton TS (January 2008). "Experimental validation of miRNA targets". Methods 44 (1): 47–54. doi:10.1016/j.ymeth.2007.09.005. PMC 2237914. PMID 18158132. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2237914.

^ Hüttenhofer A, Schattner P, Polacek N (May 2005). "Non-coding RNAs: hope or hype?". Trends Genet. 21 (5): 289–97. doi:10.1016/j.tig.2005.03.007. PMID 15851066.

Further reading

This paper discusses the role of microRNAs in viral oncogenesis: Scaria V; Jadhav, Vaibhav (2007). "microRNAs in viral oncogenesis.". Retrovirology 4 (82): 68. doi:10.1186/1742-4690-4-82. PMC 2217556. PMID 18036240. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2217556.

This paper discusses the role of microRNAs in Host-virus interactions: Scaria V; Hariharan, M; Maiti, S; Pillai, B; Brahmachari, SK (2006). "Host-Virus Interaction: A new role for microRNAs.". Retrovirology 3 (1): 68. doi:10.1186/1742-4690-3-68. PMC 1626483. PMID 17032463. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1626483.

This paper defines miRNA and proposes guidelines to follow in classifying RNA genes as miRNA: Ambros V, Bartel B, Bartel DP, Burge CB, Carrington JC, Chen X, Dreyfuss G, Eddy SR, Griffiths-Jones S, Marshall M, Matzke M, Ruvkun G, Tuschl T (2003). "A uniform system for microRNA annotation". RNA 9 (3): 277–279. doi:10.1261/rna.2183803. PMC 1370393. PMID 12592000. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1370393.

This paper discusses the processes that miRNA and siRNAs are involved in, in the context of 2 articles in the same issue of the journal Science: Baulcombe D (2002). "DNA events. An RNA microcosm.". Science 297 (5589): 2002–2003. doi:10.1126/science.1077906. PMID 12242426.

This paper describes the discovery of lin-4, the first miRNA to be discovered: Lee RC, Feinbaum RL, Ambros V (1993). "The C. elegans heterochronic gene lin-4 encodes small RNAs with antisense complementarity to lin-14". Cell 75 (5): 843–854. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(93)90529-Y. PMID 8252621.

"This paper showes that the over-expression of a miRNA in mice leads to cancer:" Costinean S, Zanesi N, Pekarsky Y, Tili E, Volinia S, Heerema N, Croce CM (May 2006). "Pre-B cell proliferation and lymphoblastic leukemia/high-grade lymphoma in E(mu)-miR155 transgenic mice". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 103 (18): 7024–9. doi:10.1073/pnas.0602266103. PMC 1459012. PMID 16641092. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1459012.

This paper discusses the role of microRNAs in skin: Sand M, Gambichler T, Sand D, Skrygan M, Altmeyer P, Bechara FG (2009). "MicroRNAs and the skin: tiny players in the body's largest organ.". J Dermatol Sci 53 (3): 169–175. PMID 19058951. http://www.laboratoriosilesia.com/upfiles/sibi/d_014_micrornas.pdf.

External links

Look up microRNA or miRNA in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

The miRBase database

The miRNA Blog

miR2Disease, a manually curated database documenting known relationships between miRNA dysregulation and human disease.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MicroRNA

^ Mourelatos Z, Dostie J, Paushkin S, et al. (March 2002). "miRNPs: a novel class of ribonucleoproteins containing numerous microRNAs". Genes Dev. 16 (6): 720–8. doi:10.1101/gad.974702. PMC 155365. PMID 11914277. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=155365.

^ Lim, Lee; Nelson C. Lau, Philip Garrett-Engele, Andrew Grimson, Janell M. Schelter, John Castle, David P. Bartel, Peter S. Linsley, Jason M. Johnson (17). "Microarray analysis shows that some microRNAs downregulate large number of target mRNAs". Nature 433 (7027): 769–773. doi:10.1038/nature03315. PMID 15685193.

^ a b c Kai, Z.; Pasquinelli, A. (2010). "MicroRNA assassins: factors that regulate the disappearance of miRNAs". Nature structural & molecular biology 17 (1): 5–10. doi:10.1038/nsmb.1762. PMID 20051982. edit

^ Chatterjee S, Großhans H (September 2009). "Active turnover modulates mature microRNA activity in Caenorhabditis elegans". Nature 461 (7263): 546–459. doi:10.1038/nature08349. PMID 19734881.

^ Wang XJ, Reyes JL, Chua NH, Gaasterland T (2004). "Prediction and identification of Arabidopsis thaliana microRNAs and their mRNA targets". Genome Biol. 5 (9): R65. doi:10.1186/gb-2004-5-9-r65. PMC 522872. PMID 15345049. http://genomebiology.com/2004/5/9/R65.

^ Kawasaki H, Taira K (2004). "MicroRNA-196 inhibits HOXB8 expression in myeloid differentiation of HL60 cells". Nucleic Acids Symp Ser 48 (48): 211–2. doi:10.1093/nass/48.1.211. PMID 17150553.

^ a b Moxon S, Jing R, Szittya G, et al. (October 2008). "Deep sequencing of tomato short RNAs identifies microRNAs targeting genes involved in fruit ripening". Genome Res. 18 (10): 1602–9. doi:10.1101/gr.080127.108. PMC 2556272. PMID 18653800. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2556272.

^ Williams AE (February 2008). "Functional aspects of animal microRNAs". Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 65 (4): 545–62. doi:10.1007/s00018-007-7355-9. PMID 17965831.

^ Eulalio A, Huntzinger E, Nishihara T, Rehwinkel J, Fauser M, Izaurralde E (January 2009). "Deadenylation is a widespread effect of miRNA regulation". RNA 15 (1): 21–32. doi:10.1261/rna.1399509. PMC 2612776. PMID 19029310. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2612776.

^ Mazière P, Enright AJ (June 2007). "Prediction of microRNA targets". Drug Discov. Today 12 (11-12): 452–8. doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2007.04.002. PMID 17532529.

^ Tan Y, Zhang B, Wu T, et al. (February 2009). "Transcriptional inhibition of Hoxd4 expression by noncoding RNAs in human breast cancer cells". BMC Mol. Biol. 10: 12. doi:10.1186/1471-2199-10-12. PMC 2680403. PMID 19232136. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2680403.

^ Hawkins PG, Morris KV (March 2008). "RNA and transcriptional modulation of gene expression". Cell Cycle 7 (5): 602–7. doi:10.4161/cc.7.5.5522. PMC 2877389. PMID 18256543. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2877389.

^ Stark A, Brennecke J, Bushati N, Russell RB, Cohen SM (2005). "Animal MicroRNAs confer robustness to gene expression and have a significant impact on 3'UTR evolution". Cell 123 (6): 1133–46. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2005.11.023. PMID 16337999.

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Further reading

This paper discusses the role of microRNAs in viral oncogenesis: Scaria V; Jadhav, Vaibhav (2007). "microRNAs in viral oncogenesis.". Retrovirology 4 (82): 68. doi:10.1186/1742-4690-4-82. PMC 2217556. PMID 18036240. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2217556.

This paper discusses the role of microRNAs in Host-virus interactions: Scaria V; Hariharan, M; Maiti, S; Pillai, B; Brahmachari, SK (2006). "Host-Virus Interaction: A new role for microRNAs.". Retrovirology 3 (1): 68. doi:10.1186/1742-4690-3-68. PMC 1626483. PMID 17032463. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1626483.

This paper defines miRNA and proposes guidelines to follow in classifying RNA genes as miRNA: Ambros V, Bartel B, Bartel DP, Burge CB, Carrington JC, Chen X, Dreyfuss G, Eddy SR, Griffiths-Jones S, Marshall M, Matzke M, Ruvkun G, Tuschl T (2003). "A uniform system for microRNA annotation". RNA 9 (3): 277–279. doi:10.1261/rna.2183803. PMC 1370393. PMID 12592000. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1370393.

This paper discusses the processes that miRNA and siRNAs are involved in, in the context of 2 articles in the same issue of the journal Science: Baulcombe D (2002). "DNA events. An RNA microcosm.". Science 297 (5589): 2002–2003. doi:10.1126/science.1077906. PMID 12242426.

This paper describes the discovery of lin-4, the first miRNA to be discovered: Lee RC, Feinbaum RL, Ambros V (1993). "The C. elegans heterochronic gene lin-4 encodes small RNAs with antisense complementarity to lin-14". Cell 75 (5): 843–854. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(93)90529-Y. PMID 8252621.

"This paper showes that the over-expression of a miRNA in mice leads to cancer:" Costinean S, Zanesi N, Pekarsky Y, Tili E, Volinia S, Heerema N, Croce CM (May 2006). "Pre-B cell proliferation and lymphoblastic leukemia/high-grade lymphoma in E(mu)-miR155 transgenic mice". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 103 (18): 7024–9. doi:10.1073/pnas.0602266103. PMC 1459012. PMID 16641092. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1459012.

This paper discusses the role of microRNAs in skin: Sand M, Gambichler T, Sand D, Skrygan M, Altmeyer P, Bechara FG (2009). "MicroRNAs and the skin: tiny players in the body's largest organ.". J Dermatol Sci 53 (3): 169–175. PMID 19058951. http://www.laboratoriosilesia.com/upfiles/sibi/d_014_micrornas.pdf.

External links

Look up microRNA or miRNA in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

The miRBase database

The miRNA Blog

miR2Disease, a manually curated database documenting known relationships between miRNA dysregulation and human disease.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MicroRNA