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Immune Function Assays

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339
The increasing interest in immunotoxicology as a subtopic of toxicol- ogy acknowledges the growing recognition that the immune system and immunocompetence per se may be a sensitive and perhaps early indica- tor of toxicity. Indeed, accumulating evidence based on human and exper- imental animal studies now link exposure to a variety of drugs and chemical agents with various immunotoxic processes, including immu- nosuppression and hypersensitization (1 ,2 ). The primary objective of this chapter is to describe a minimum battery of standardized techniques that allows the routine assessment of potentially immunotoxic compounds (3 ,4 ). The chapter is divided into three main sections: the first covers humoral immunity, namely the plaque assay; the second is concerned with cell-mediated immunity and covers in vitro T-cell mitogenicity; the third covers the mixed lymphocyte assay and in vitro cytotoxicity.
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