Fluorescent and Lanthanide Labeling for Ligand Screens, Assays, and Imaging

The use of fluorescent (or luminescent) and metal contrast agents in high-throughput screens, in vitro assays, and molecular imaging procedures has rapidly expanded in recent years. Here we describe the development and utility of high-affinity ligands for cancer theranostics and other in vitro screening �studies. In this context, we also illustrate the syntheses and use of heteromultivalent ligands as targeted imaging agents.