Production of Plasmid DNA as a Pharmaceutical

Developments in gene therapy, cell therapy, and DNA vaccination require a pharmaceutical gene vector that, on one hand, fulfils the properties to express the encoded information—preferably at the right place, time, and level and, on the other hand, is safe and productive under good manufacturing practices (GMP). Here we summarize the features of producing and modifying these nonviral gene vectors and ensuring the required quality to treat cells and humans or animals.