Sample preparation (preparative gels)
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Human samples
CSF (cerebrospinal fluid): An aliquot of 3000 µl of human CSF was mixed with 6000 µl of ice cold acetone and centrifuged at 10000 g at 4o C for 10 minutes. The pellet was mixed with 500 µl of a solution containing urea (8 M), CHAPS (4% w/v), DTE (65 mM), Resolytes 4-8 (2 % v/v) and a trace of bromophenol blue. The whole final diluted CSF sample was used for in-gel sample rehydration.
ELC (erythroleukemia cell line): A monolayer culture of human ELC was grown, rinsed trypsinized and washed as explained in the HEPG2 sample preparation. A pellet of 107 cells were mixed and solubilized with 500 µl of a solution containing urea (8 M), CHAPS (4% w/v), DTE (65 mM), Resolytes 3.5-10 (2 % v/v) and a trace of bromophenol blue. The whole final diluted ELC sample was used for in-gel sample rehydration.
HEPG2 (hepatoblastoma carcinoma derived cell line): A monolayer culture of human hepatoblastoma carcimoma cell line (Hep G2) was grown in Dulbecco''s modified Eagle medium (DMEM) containing 10% fetal calf serum (FCS). Cells were rinsed once with DMEM without FCS and were removed from the flask by incubating them with a solution containing trypsin (0.5 g) and EDTA (0.2 g). After 3 minutes, DMEM containing FCS was added into the flask to stop the action of trypsin. The cells were detach from the surface of the flask by squirting the solution onto the cells. The suspension was transferred into a tube and the cells were centrifuged at 1000 rpm during 5 minutes. Supernatent was discarded and the cells were washed with DMEM without FCS. After centrifugation and removal of DMEM, 10 million cells were mixed and solubilized with 0.5 ml of a solution containing urea (8 M), CHAPS (4% w/v), DTE (65 mM, Resolytes 3.5-10 (2 % v/v) and a trace of Bromophenol Blue. The whole final diluted HepG2 sample was used for in-gel sample rehydration.
HEPG2SP (hepatoblastoma carcinoma derived cell line secreted proteins): Hundred ml of supernatant HEPG2 culture media were concentrated down to 100 µl in a MicrosepTM Concentrators. The concentrated sample was mixed with 400 µl of a solution containing urea (8 M), CHAPS (4% w/v), DTE (65 mM), Resolytes 3.5-10 (2 % v/v) and a trace of bromophenol blue. The whole final diluted HEPG2SP sample was used for in-gel sample rehydration. NAME="1001363">HL60 (promyelocytic leukemia cells): A monolayer culture of a human promyelocytic leukemia cell line was grown in Dulbecco''s modified Eagle medium (DMEM) containing 10% fetal calf serum (FCS). Cells were rinsed once with DMEM without FCS and removed from the flask by incubating them with a solution containing trypsin (0.5 g/l) and EDTA (0.2 g/l). After 3 minutes, DMEM containing FCS was added into the flask to stop the action of the trypsin. The cells were detached from the surface of the flask by squirting the solution onto the cells. The suspension was transferred into a tube and the cells were centrifuged at 1000 g during 5 minutes. Supernatant was discarded and the cells were washed with DMEM without FCS. After centrifugation and removal of DMEM, 5 x 106 cells were mixed and solubilized with 0.5 ml of a solution containing urea (8 M), CHAPS (4% w/v), DTE (65 mM), Resolytes 3.5-10 (2 % v/v) and a trace of Bromophenol Blue. The whole final diluted HL60 sample was used for in-gel sample rehydration.
KIDNEY: Tissue resections were washed several times in cold rinse buffer (glutamine-free RPMI 1640 medium containing 5 % fetal calf serum, 0.2 mM phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoridem, 1mM EDTA, and antibiotics: oxacillin 25 µg/ml, gentamycin 50 µg/ml, penicillin 100 U/ml, streptomycin 100 µg/ml, amphotericin B 0.25 µg/ml, nistatin 50 U/ml) to further remove cell debris and blood, and were frozen by immersion in liquid nitrogen. They were then submitted to mechanical dissociation by scraping and gentle squeezing. The cell suspension was washed several times in cold phosphate buffer saline, pH 7.2. The cellular pellet was denatured with 100 µl per 106 cells of a solution containing urea (8 M), CHAPS (4 % w/v), DTE (65 mM), Resolytes 3.5-10 (2 % v/v) and a trace of bromophenol blue. Five hundred µl containing 5 x 106 kidney cells was used for in-gel sample rehydration.
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LIVER Protocole 2: Ten mg of a human liver frozen biopsy was lyophillized for 48 h. It was then crushed in a mortar containing liquid nitrogen and mixed with 500 µl of a solution containing urea (8 M), CHAPS (4% w/v), DTE (65 mM), Resolytes 3.5-10 (2 % v/v) and a trace of Bromophenol Blue. The whole final diluted liver sample was used for in-gel sample rehydration.
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U937 (macrophage like cell line): A monolayer culture of human U937 was grown at a concentration of 0.5 million/ml in RPMI 1640 containing 1% FCS. The cells were then rinsed, trypsinized and washed as explained in the HEPG2 sample preparation. After centrifugation and removal of RPMI, 107 cells were mixed and solubilized with 500 µl of a solution containing urea (8 M), CHAPS (4% w/v), DTE (65 mM), Resolytes 3.5-10 (2 % v/v) and a trace of bromophenol blue. The whole final diluted U937 sample was used for in-gel sample rehydration.
Mouse samples
BAT (Brown adipose tissue): Eight mg of dried brown adipose tissue was mixed with 60 µl of a solution containing urea (8 M), CHAPS (4% w/v), Tris (40 mM), DTE (65 mM), SDS (0.05% w/v) and a trace of bromophenol blue. The whole final diluted sample (150 µg) was loaded in a cup at the cathodic end of the IPG gels.
ISLETS (Pancreatic islet cells): One thousand of small and large pancreatic islets were mixed with 60 µl of a solution containing urea (8 M), CHAPS (4% w/v), Tris (40 mM), DTE (65 mM), SDS (0.05% w/v) and a trace of bromophenol blue. The whole final diluted sample (100 µg) was loaded in a cup at the cathodic end of the IPG gels.
LIVER: Four mg of dried liver was mixed with 60 µl of a solution containing urea (8 M), CHAPS (4% w/v), Tris (40 mM), DTE (65 mM), SDS (0.05% w/v) and a trace of bromophenol blue. The whole final diluted sample (100 µg) was loaded in a cup at the cathodic end of the IPG gels.
LIVER NUCLEI (Soluble nuclear proteins and matrix from liver tissue): Nuclear proteins were solubilized in a buffer containing 5M urea, 2M thiourea, 2% CHAPS (w/v), 2% sulfobetains (w/v), 65mM DTE, 40mM Tris (pH 6.8), 0.8% Resolyte 3.5-10 and a trace of bromophenol blue.
MUSCLE (Gastrocnemius muscle): Four mg of dried gastrocnemius muscle was mixed with 60 µl of a solution containing urea (8 M), CHAPS (4% w/v), Tris (40 mM), DTE (65 mM), SDS (0.05% w/v) and a trace of bromophenol blue. The whole final diluted sample (100 µg) was loaded in a cup at the cathodic end of the IPG gels.
WAT (White adipose tissue): One hundred and sixty mg of dried white adipose tissue was mixed with 60 µl of a solution containing urea (8 M), CHAPS (4% w/v), Tris (40 mM), DTE (65 mM), SDS (0.05% w/v) and a trace of bromophenol blue. The whole final diluted sample (150 µg) was loaded in a cup at the cathodic end of the IPG gels.
Other samples
DICTY (Dictyostelium discoideum): A WS380B wild type strain was used here. Slugs (5 mg dry weight) were resuspended in 500 µl of a solution containing urea (8 M), CHAPS (4 % w/v), DTE (65 mM), Resolytes 3.5-10 (2 % v/v) and a trace of bromophenol blue. This whole Dicty diluted sample was used for in-gel sample rehydration.
ECOLI (Escherichia coli): Cells were grown aerobically in glucose minimal morpholinopropane sulfonate (MOPS), plus thiamine at 37o C. Growth was stopped in the late exponential phase at an OD of 1 at 600 nm. Five hundred ml of culture medium was centrifuged for 30 min at 3000 rpm at 4° C and the pellet was washed 4 times for 10 min at 4000 rpm in 10 ml low salt washing sample buffer: KCl 3.0 mM, KH2PO4 1.5 mM, NaCl 68 mM, NaH2PO4 9.0 mM. The pellet was then resuspended in 600 µl of a buffer containing 10 mM Tris-HCl pH 8.0, 1.5 mM MgCl2, 10 mM KCl, 0.5 mM DTE, 0.5 mM Pefabloc SC (protease inhibitor), 0.1% SDS, and stored at -20°C. Fifty µl of the latter was mixed with 450 µl of a solution containing Urea (8 M), CHAPS (4 % w/v), DTE (65 mM), Resolytes 4-8 (2 % v/v) and a trace of bromophenol blue. After centrifugation at 10000 g for 5 minutes, the whole final E. coli diluted sample (5 mg) was used for in-gel sample rehydration.
YEAST (Saccharomyces cerevisiae): Cells were washed twice with PGSK (NH2PO4-H2O 0.52 g/l, Na2HPO4-2H2O 8.8 g/l, NaCl 2.83 g/l, KCl 0.372 g/l and glucose 11 g/l), centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 5 min (4o C) and the supernatant removed. The pellet was resuspended in 1 volume of PGSK and 1 volume of glass beads (425-600 µm diameter) and shaked for 10 min at 4o C in a bead beater. The extracts were centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 min at 4o C, the supernatant retained and the pellet subjected to procedures (c) and (d) a second time. The supernatants were pooled and 1-5 mg (measured by modified Lowry) of yeast proteins was mixed with 500 µl of a solution containing urea (8 M), CHAPS (4 % w/v), DTE (65 mM), Resolytes 4-8 (2 % v/v) and a trace of bromophenol blue. The whole yeast diluted sample was used for in-gel sample rehydration.
