Incorporation of Modified Bases into Oligonucleotides

Nucleobases with attached side chains have been incorporated into oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) to achieve a number of goals. The functionalized side chains have been used to attach reporter groups (protein ligands as well as fluorescent moieties) and metal-chelating groups. Electrophilic and photochemical alkylating functions have been attached to react with the other strand(s) in a duplex (or triplex).