Detection of Infectious Rotaviruses by Flow Cytometry

Human rotaviruses are considered the main cause of viral gastroenteritis in infants and young children throughout the world (1 ). Their transmission is through the fecaloral route, mostly after ingestion of contaminated water and food (2 ). Since an extremely high number of virus particles are present in the feces during the acute gastroenteritis, methods based on electron microscopy, passive particle agglutination tests, or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays are readily employed for clinical diagnosis. However, the sensitivity of these procedures is not high enough to detect the low number of viral particles sometimes present in the environment (3 ). In the case of environmental samples, amplification of viral nucleic acids by polymerase chain reaction assays coupled to reverse transcription (RT-PCR) has been increasingly applied to detect rotaviruses in water (4 ) and shellfish samples (5 ). However, procedures based on molecular approaches have to face the drawback that they do not differentiate between infectious and noninfectious particles, which is of major relevance from the public health point of view.