Noninvasive Prenatal Diagnosis Using a Single Fetal Nucleated Erythrocyte Isolated by Micromanipulation from Maternal Blood
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Diagnostic methods |
Weeks of gestation |
Benefits |
Defects |
Fetal loss rate,% |
---|---|---|---|---|
Amniocentesis |
15–18 |
Relatively simple |
Necessary to culture |
0 2–0.4 |
Contamination |
||||
by maternal cells |
||||
Chorionic |
9–12 |
Early and direct |
Limb malformations |
0 5–10 |
villus sampling |
diagnosis possible |
(0 01–0.03%) |
||
Contamination |
||||
of maternal cells |
||||
Placental mosaicism |
||||
Cordocentesis |
18– |
Early and direct |
Bleeding |
0.5–2.0 |
diagnosis possible |
Fetal bradycardia |
|||
Contamination |
||||
of maternal cells |
||||
Maternal |
6– |
Noninvasive |
— |
0 |
peripheral blood |