Substantial progress has been made in somatic cell reprogramming through ectopic expression of four transcription factors to yield induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. We have used the robust viral-based modification procedure to generate iPS cells from human umbilical vein end ...
This chapter describes a robust method for the generation of iPS cells from non-cultured human cord blood cells. We describe the preparation of the CD34+ fraction from cord blood mononuclear cells, the protocols to determine the pluripotency of the reprogrammed cells, the culture conditi ...
Until now, it has been problematic to obtain high survival rates after thawing of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and later also induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Already in 1994, Freshner and �coworkers established the conventional slow freezing/rapid thawing methods by using a ...
In the mouse, embryonic germ (EG) cell lines can be generated from primordial germ cells (PGCs) �recovered from the genital ridge of the developing fetus. These EG cells have the capacity of self-renewal, are pluripotent, and have the potential to differentiate to other cell types of the body simil ...
The hallmark of pluripotent stem cells is their nearly unlimited self-renewal capacity, and their potential to differentiate into a diverse range of specialized cell types. These unique properties make stem cells important research tools, in vitro models for pharmaceutical testin ...
Although embryonic stem (ES) cells have the regenerative capability of producing any tissue in our body, the development of efficient methods to generate a large number of ES cells with high purity has still remained a technical challenge before they can be used routinely in clinical trials. In t ...
We have developed a simple yet highly reproducible technique of upscaling single cell–inoculated human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) in suspension cultures, using defined, nonconditioned media. Mass expansion of hESC was readily achieved by serially upscaling 2-ml static cultur ...
The culture of human pluripotent stem cells under defined conditions most commonly relies on the use of Matrigel as a substrate upon which the cells remain in an undifferentiated state. Matrigel is a complex mixture of extracellular matrices and growth factors derived from mouse Engelbre ...
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) hold a great promise for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. In order to obtain uniform hESC cultures without spontaneous differentiation, which is of interest for basic investigations as well as the development of future therapeutic pr ...
Conventionally, human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are cultured on feeder cells. The most commonly used feeder cells are mouse embryonic fibroblasts. It is thought that the feeder cells provide an optimal microenvironment for the undifferentiated growth of hESCs by supplying curren ...
In vitro permeability assays are a valuable tool for scientists during lead compound optimization. As a majority of discovery projects are focused on the development of orally bioavailable drugs, correlation of in vitro permeability data to in vivo absorption results is critical for und ...
The integrity, or barrier function, of the intestinal epithelium is of paramount importance in �maintaining good health. This is largely imparted by a single layer of epithelial cells linked by the transmembrane tight junction protein complex near their apical surface. Disruption of ep ...
The intestinal barrier is formed by a monolayer of columnar epithelial cells. This barrier is effectively maintained despite the high turnover of epithelial cells in the gut. Defects in the mechanism by which barrier function is maintained are believed to play a central role in the pathogenes ...
Infants born prematurely have an enhanced intestinal permeability compared to healthy term infants. This enhanced permeability might be a contributing factor in the development of Necrotising Enterocolitis. The assessment of intestinal permeability in premature neonates ...
In rodents, embryo implantation is an invasive process, which begins with its attachment to the uterine wall and culminates in the formation of the definitive placenta several days later. It is critical that the endometrium provide a supportive environment for the implanting embryo duri ...
A defective skin epidermal permeability barrier (EPB) is responsible for a high mortality rate in premature infants and is an important risk factor in inflammatory skin diseases such as eczema. We report here fast and accurate methods for measurement of EPB in animal models or in human patients u ...
The mammalian epidermis is a self-renewing stratified squamous epithelium. Its basal cell layer contains proliferating keratinocytes that exit the cell cycle when they move into the suprabasal compartment. These cells activate a gene differentiation program aimed at building a p ...
Highly optimized methods for skin segmentation are provided using tape stripping in combination with infrared absorption measurements for stratum corneum (SC) and cryosectioning for deeper skin layers. Furthermore, an example is calculated for demonstration of the respecti ...
The blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption following cerebral ischemia (stroke) contributes to the development of life-threatening brain edema. Recent studies suggested that the ischemic BBB disruption is not uniform throughout the affected brain region. The aim of this study was to e ...
The normal blood–brain barrier (BBB) consists of tight interendothelial cell junctions and adjacent astrocyte end feet separated by a basal lamina surrounding the endothelium. The interactions between the different cell types of BBB are disrupted in distinct patterns in the microe ...
