Antibody–antigen interactions can principally be classified into three different temperature-dependent kinetic rate profiles. The affinity K D can persist, decrease, or increase in the temperature gradient. Today, the impact of temperature-dependent antibody kinetics is r ...

Kinetic screening is of paramount importance when it is to select custom-made antibodies, tailored for their respective scientific, diagnostic, or pharmaceutical application. Here a kinetic screening protocol is described, using a Biacore A100 surface plasmon resonance biose ...

Immunoglobulin (Ig) G is formed by two antigen-binding moieties termed Fabs and a conserved Fc �portion, which interacts with components of the immune systems. Within the Fc, N-linked carbohydrates are attached to each conserved asparagine residue at position 297 within the CH2 domain. Th ...

Antibody fragments (Fab’s) represent important structure for creating new therapeutics. Compared to full antibodies Fab’ fragments possess certain advantages, including higher mobility and tissue penetration, ability to bind antigen monovalently and lack of fragment crys ...

This protocol describes the generation of monoclonal antibodies in single-chain variable fragment (scFv)-Fc format. It includes the cloning of the scFv-Fc expression cassette into a mammalian expression vector followed by transient transfection of mammalian cells and purifi ...

Monoclonal antibodies have emerged as an effective therapeutic modality, and numerous antibodies have been approved for the treatment of several severe diseases or are currently in clinical development. To improve their therapeutic potential, monoclonal antibodies are cons ...

Antibodies as therapeutic agents have gained broad acceptance as shown by the number of antibodies in clinical use and many more in clinical development. This utility is an outcome of the high specificity and affinity of the antigen-binding site comprised of the heavy and light chain variable d ...

The generation of recombinantly produced fluorescent antibody derivatives that are derived from full-length immunoglobulin G (IgG) has until now been problematic. One major reason for that lies in different and partially incompatible secretion- and folding-requirements of a ...

Physiology usually combines polyclonal antibodies of multiple classes in a single humoral response. Beyond their common ability to bind antigens, these various classes of human immunoglobulins carry specific functions which can each serve specific goals. In many cases, the functi ...

In the last few decades, several new methods have been established to isolate full antibodies and fragments thereof, some even using alternative scaffolds from in vivo and in vitro sources. These methods encompass robust techniques including immunization and hybridoma technology or ...

Over the past decade, the accumulation of detailed knowledge of antibody structure and function has enabled antibody phage display to emerge as a powerful in vitro alternative to hybridoma methods for creating antibodies. Many antibodies produced using phage display technology have ...

Phage display has emerged as one of the leading technologies for the selection and generation of highly specific antibodies, offering a number of advantages over traditional ways of antibody generation such as mouse hybridoma techniques. While there are various possibilities to cond ...

This protocol describes the selection of human antibody libraries in Fab format by phage display. It includes panning against immobilized antigens, biotinylated antigens in solution, and cell surface antigens.

This protocol describes the generation of human antibody libraries in Fab format from 2.5 � 107 human peripheral blood or bone marrow mononuclear cells for their subsequent selection by phage display. Although it can be applied to the mining of both human na�ve and immune antibody repertoires, t ...

Ribosome display is a powerful polymerase chain reaction-based in vitro display technology that is well suited to the selection and evolution of proteins. This technology exploits cell-free translation to achieve coupling of phenotype and genotype by the production of stabilized r ...

Hybridoma technology has long been a remarkable and indispensable platform for generating high-quality monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Hybridoma-derived mAbs have not only served as powerful tool reagents but also have emerged as the most rapidly expanding class of therapeutic bi ...

In 2006, panitumumab, the first fully human antibody generated from transgenic mice, was approved for clinical use by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Since then, a further seven such antibodies have been approved. In this chapter, we discuss how transgenic mice technologies can prov ...

Mice are widely available laboratory animals that can easily be used for the production of antibodies against a broad range of antigens, using well-defined immunization protocols. Such an approach allows optimal in vivo affinity maturation of the humoral response. In addition, high-af ...

The following section is related to IP issues in the therapeutic Antibody industry. A rough overview over protected enabling techniques and compounds is provided, in order to facilitate the entry into freedom to operate studies. Furthermore, some general information about specific is ...

Antibodies are emerging as a new drug class with many of these approved and marketed. Antibodies may be non-human, chimeric, humanized or fully human. All these have the potential to elicit an immune response in the host which may impact on safety and efficacy. Therefore, assessment of immunogeni ...