Due to the difficulties found when generating fully human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) by the traditional method, several efforts have attempted to overcome these problems, with varying levels of success. One approach has been the development of transgenic mice carrying immunoglo ...
Antibody phage display is the most commonly used in vitro selection technology and has yielded thousands of useful antibodies for research, diagnostics, and therapy. The prerequisite for successful generation and development of human recombinant antibodies using phage display ...
In recent years, both laboratory and clinical studies have demonstrated that bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) may have significant potential application in cancer therapy either by targeting tumor cells with cytotoxic agents including effector cells, radionuclides, drugs, and ...
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are currently the fastest growing class of therapeutic proteins. Parallel to full-length IgG format the development of recombinant technologies provided the production of smaller recombinant antibody variants. The single-chain variable fra ...
Immunoassays employed at the point-of-care (POC) are often useful for diagnosing acute infections. Many of these assays rely on identification of microbial antigens that are secreted or shed during infection. However, determining which microbial antigens are best to target by immuno ...
The structure and antigenicity of protein antigens of the influenza virus are screened in a single step employing an immunoproteomics approach. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) coupled to gel electrophoresis is used both to identify vir ...
Polyclonal antibodies including purified antibody fractions and animal or human antisera may react with unknown antigens or antigens other than their main specificity in reactions that are best visualized by gel electroimmunoprecipitation methods, e.g., when analyzing compl ...
Bacterial surface proteins are often investigated as potential vaccine candidates and biomarkers of virulence. In this chapter, a novel method for identifying bacterial surface proteins is presented, which combines immunoproteomic with immunoserologic techniques. Immu ...
The study of the humoral response to infectious diseases and chronic diseases, such as cancer, is important for many reasons, including understanding the host response to disease, identification of protective antigens, vaccine development, and discovery of biomarkers for early dia ...
In the last two decades phage display technology has been used for investigating complex biological processes and isolating molecules of practical value in several applications. Bacteriophage lambda, representing a classical cloning and expression system, has also been explo ...
Serological analysis of recombinant cDNA expression libraries (SEREX) allows systematic identification of antigens recognized by the spontaneous autoantibody repertoire of patients with cancer and autoimmune disease. SEREX is based on screening of lambda phage expressi ...
The varied landscape of the adaptive immune response is determined by the peptides presented by immune cells, derived from viral or microbial pathogens or cancerous cells. The study of immune biomarkers or antigens is not new and classical methods such as agglutination, enzyme-linked imm ...
The underlying drivers of scientific processes have been rapidly evolving, but the ever-present need for research funding is typically foremost amongst these. Successful laboratories are embracing this reality by making certain that their projects have commercial value right f ...
Leukocyte extravasation is a multistep process, involving the movement of leukocytes out of the circulatory system, through vascular endothelium and to the site of tissue damage or infection. Protein–protein interactions play key roles in the extravasation process and have been att ...
Because of the enormous diversity of both MHC proteins and peptide epitopes, computational epitope prediction methods are needed in order to supplement limited experimental data. These prediction methods are useful for guiding experiments and have many potential biomedical app ...
The immune system in a broad sense is a mechanism that allows a living organism to discriminate between “self” and “non-self.” Examples of immune systems occur in multicellular organisms as simple and ancient as sea sponges. In fact, complex multicellular life would be impossible without the ab ...
Over the last 12 years, a large amount of knowledge has been accumulated on various aspects of Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules. In conjunction, numerous algorithms and tools have been developed to screen protein molecules for these MHC receptor sites. By combining these ...
Blood serum is one of the easiest accessible sources of biomarkers and its proteome presents a significant parcel of immune system proteins. These proteins can provide not only biological explanation but also diagnostic and drug response answers independently of the type of disease or co ...
The discovery of viable biomarkers or indicators of disease states is complicated by the inherent complexity of the chosen biological specimen. Every sample, whether it is serum, plasma, urine, tissue, cells, or a host of others, contains thousands of large and small components, each interac ...
Multiplex bead array technology expands upon the principles of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay by allowing the simultaneous quantification of a large number of cytokines and chemokines within a single sample. This allows for the researcher more freedom to investigate compl ...
