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Immobilization of Enzymes for Use in Organic Media

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When enzymes are to be used in organic media, noncovalent immobilization methods are often used because enzymes in general are insoluble in those media. Usually, immobi-lization increases the observed catalytic activity drastically as compared with nonimmobilized enzyme powder. The main reason is that immobilization spreads the enzyme on a relatively large area, which facilitates the mass transfer of substrates and products. The morphology of the support material is thus of crucial importance. In many applications, a monolayer of enzyme on the support provides catalysts with good activity. In general, the enzyme is first present in an aqueous solution and water is then removed using a drying procedure. Simple and effective methods for the adsorption of lipase on porous polypropylene and deposition of a -chymotrypsin on Celite � are presented in this chapter.
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