Less common disorders:M

互联网2013-09-05

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DISEASE AND CAUSES	PATHOPHYSIOLOGY	SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
Mastocytosis
Cause unknown	Proliferation of mast cells systemically and within skin.	Urticaria pigmentosa Diarrhea Abdominal pain Flushing Vascular collapse Headaches Ascites
*Mastoiditis*
Bacterial infection of the mastoid antrum.	An inflammation and infection of the air cells of the mastoid antrum.	Dull ache and tenderness around the mastoid process Low grade fever Headache Thick purulent drainage Meningitis Facial paralysis Brain abscess Labyrinthitis
*Medullary sponge kidney*
Genetic disorder	Collecting ducts in the renal pyramids dilate, forming cavities, clefts, and cysts that produce complications of calcium oxylate stones and infections.	Kidney stones Hematuria Infection (fever, chills, and malaise)
*Melasma*
Hypermelanotic skin disorder associated with increased hormonal levels with pregnancy, oral contraceptive use, and ovarian cancer	Thought to be due to the effects of estrogen and progesterone on melanin production.	Patchy, nonraised, hypermelanotic rash
*Mycosis fungoides*
Cause unknown	Rare, chronic malignant T-cell lymphoma originating in the reticuloendothelial system of the skin, and affecting lymph nodes and internal organs.	Urticarial, erythematous, or eczematous patches with irregular-shaped, well-defined borders; patches may become hard and form ulcers, then eventually drain a thin pus and serum
*Myelodysplastic syndromes*
Caused by genetic factors and exposure to chemicals or radiation	Preleukemic disorders that progress to leukemia	Pancytopenia Weakness Fatigue Palpitations Dizziness Irritability Anemia
*Myocarditis*
Inflammation of the myocardium due to bacterial, fungal, viral, or protozoal infections; heat stroke; ionizing radiation; rheumatic fever; and diphtheria	Initial infection triggers an autoimmune, cellular, and possibly humoral response resulting in myocardial inflammation and necrosis.	Rapid, irregular, and weak pulse Chest tenderness First heart sound resembles second heart sound Fatigue

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