肿瘤动物模型综述Animal models of tumor immunity, immunotherapy and cancer vaccines

良好的（值得信赖）肿瘤动物模型对于评价抗肿瘤免疫治疗的疗效是至关重要的。目前肿瘤免疫学研究的趋势正逐渐远离传统的制备肿瘤模型的凡是，因为传统的肿瘤种植模型并不能充分地模拟人类肿瘤的发生。针对这种情况，已有许多转基因小鼠肿瘤模型的报到，这些转基因小鼠能自发地发生某种特定的肿瘤。

这些模型通常采用了下列的技术，如采用组织特异性的启动子来启动SV40大T抗原或组织特异性的原癌基因的表达；通过基因打靶去除肿瘤抑制基因；通过Cre-lox技术使肿瘤抑制基因缺失或使原癌基因激活。上述方法诱导的肿瘤模型能使我们更好地了解肿瘤和宿主之间的关系，作者认为肿瘤动物模型任有值得改进的地方。文中列举了目前公认较好的肿瘤动物模型，以及提供了部分可以查找肿瘤动物模型的相关实验室和网址。

本人认为，对于研究肿瘤发生机理、肿瘤免疫逃避来说，上述肿瘤模型可能有更大的优势，但对于肿瘤免疫治疗模型来说，肿瘤移植模型更加单纯，更容易说明问题及阐明抗肿瘤免疫应答的机理。

原文题目： Animal models of tumor immunity, immunotherapy and cancer vaccines

作者：Suzanne Ostrand-Rosenberg

Reliable animal models are critical for evaluating immunotherapies and for defining tumor immunology paradigms. Tumor immunologists are moving away from traditional transplantation tumor systems because they do not adequately model human malignancies. Transgenic mouse models in which tumors arise spontaneously have been developed for most cancers. The models use one of three technologies: tissue-specific promoters to drive expression of SV40 large T antigen or tissue-specific oncogenes; deletion of tumor suppressor genes by gene targeting; or, conditional deletion of tumor suppressor genes or activation of oncogenes via Cre-lox technology. Knockin mice expressing human tumor antigens and gene-targeted mice with deletions for immunologically relevant molecules have been integral to advancing knowledge of the tumor–host relationship. Although animal models are becoming more sophisticated, additional improvements are needed so that more realistic models can be developed.