Plants are not only important producers of foods and energy storages (e.g., sugars, carbohydrates, proteins, and fats) in the form of grains, fruits, and vegetables, they also provide many valuable products to human existence including wood, fibers, oils, resins, pigments, antioxidants, and ...

Statistical matters form an integral part of a metabolomics experiment. In this chapter we describe several important aspects in the analysis of metabolomics data such as the removal of unwanted variation and the identification of differentially abundant metabolites, along with a nu ...

There are more than 20,000 species of bryophytes in the world. Among them, almost of liverworts (Marchantiophyta) possess beautiful blue, yellow colored or colorless cellular oil bodies from which over several hundred new terpenoids, acetogenins, and aromatic compounds including f ...

In metabolomic studies the identification of biomarkers is a key step but represents a serious bottleneck since the de novo identification of natural products is a lengthy process. A strategy for the dereplication and peak annotation of plant biomarkers is presented based on high resolut ...

Natural products and their derivatives often have potent physiological activities and therefore play important roles as both frontline treatments for many diseases and as the inspiration for chemically synthesized therapeutics. However, the detection and synthesis of new the ...

Metabolomic methods can be utilized to screen diverse biological sources of potentially novel and sustainable sources of antibiotics and pharmacologically-active drugs. Dereplication studies by high resolution Fourier transform mass spectrometry coupled to liquid chr ...

The plate-hole diffusion assay is an invaluable screening tool to evaluate the antibacterial potential of natural products. It relies on the diffusion of test material from pre-cut wells through agar seeded with bacteria. Samples that are capable of inhibiting bacterial growth will pro ...

Screening extracts and drug entities for antidiabetic bioactivity is essentially limited to animal models as the processes leading to hyperglycemia and the complications of diabetes involve more than one organ. Further, in vitro results seldom translate into meaningful in vivo out ...

The MTT/MTS in vitro cell proliferation assay is one of the most widely used assays for evaluating preliminary anticancer activity of both synthetic derivatives and natural products and natural product extracts. The highly reliable, colorimetric based assay is readily performed on a w ...

The marine actinomycete Streptomyces maritimus produces a structurally diverse set of unusual polyketide natural products including the major metabolite enterocin. Investigations of enterocin biosynthesis revealed that the unique carbon skeleton is derived from an aro ...

Natural product chemistry often yields new compounds with great potential for economic and/or health benefits. However, most natural compounds must be artificially synthesized on an industrial scale to generate enough active ingredients to be commercially viable. Thus chemical ...

Single crystal X-ray crystallography is the most powerful structural method for the determination of the 3D structures of molecules. While the results of a routine diffraction experiment readily provide unambiguous determination of the relative configuration of all stereogen ...

Metabolomics and in particular, nontargeted metabolomics, has become a popular technique for the study of biological samples as it provides considerable amounts of information on extractable metabolites and is ideal for studying the metabolic response of an organism to stressors in ...

Currently, the principal chemistries for the preparation of antibody–drug conjugates (ADC) target either lysines or cysteines for coupling cytotoxic drugs for delivery to target cells expressing tumor-specific antigens. All of these chemistries generate populations of mol ...

Handling cytotoxic drugs such as antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) in a biopharmaceutical environment represents a challenge based on the potency of the compounds. These derivatives are dangerous to humans if they accidentally get in contact with the skin, are inhaled, or are ingested, ei ...

Pharmacokinetic and absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) characterization of antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) reflects the dynamic interactions between the biological system and ADC, and provides critical assessments in lead selection, optimiz ...

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are promising biotherapeutics designed to selectively deliver highly cytotoxic drugs to tumor cells while sparing normal tissues. They can be viewed as prodrugs, stable in the bloodstream in order to minimize drug release in circulation and efficie ...

Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs), which combine the specificity, favorable pharmacokinetics, and biodistribution of a monoclonal antibody (mAb) with the cytotoxic potency of a drug, are promising new therapies for cancer. Along with the development of monoclonal antibodies (mA ...

Toxin payloads, or drugs, are the crucial components of therapeutic antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs). This review will give an introduction on the requirements that make a toxic compound suitable to be used in an antitumoral ADC and will summarize the structural and mechanistic features of ...

Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) combine the selectivity of a monoclonal antibody with the killing potency of a cytotoxic drug. For an antibody to function as a successful component of an ADC, it needs to bind to the target antigen on the surface of tumor cells and then be internalized by the cell. Follo ...