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分类物质

互联网

1143
Word Definition Topic
allotropes Allotropes are structurally-different forms of an element. They differ in the way the atoms bond with each other and arrange themselves into a structure. Because of their different structures, allotropes have different physical and chemical properties Classifying materials
atom All elements are made of atoms. An atom consists of a nucleus containing protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons. Classifying materials
compound A compound is a substance formed by the chemical union (involving bond formation) of two or more elements. Classifying materials
conduct To allow electricity, heat or other energy forms to pass through. Classifying materials
covalent bond A covalent bond between atoms forms when atoms share electrons to achieve a full outer shell of electrons. Classifying materials
double bond A double bond is a covalent bond resulting from the sharing of four electrons (two pairs) between two atoms. Classifying materials
ductile If a material is ductile it is capable of being drawn into thin sheets or wires without breaking. Classifying materials
electron An electron is a very small negatively-charged particle found in an atom in the space surrounding the nucleus. Classifying materials
electrostatic An electrostatic force is generated by differences in electric charge (ie positive and negative) between two particles. It can also refer to electricity at rest. Classifying materials
formula A formula is a combination of symbols that indicates the chemical composition of a substance. Classifying materials
groups The groups of elements in the periodic table are the elements which have the same number of electrons in their outer shells and so have similar chemical properties. A group of elements all lie in same column in the periodic table. Classifying materials
ion An ion is a charged particle formed by loss or gain of electrons. When atoms lose an electron they become a positive ion. When they gain an electron they become a negative ion. Classifying materials
ions Charged particles formed by loss or gain of electrons. When atoms lose an electron they become a positive ion. When they gain an electron they become a negative ion. Classifying materials
ionic bond An ionic bond forms between two atoms when an electron is transferred from one atom to the other, forming a positive-negative ion pair. Classifying materials
ionic compound An ionic compound occurs when a negative ion (an atom that has gained an electron) joins with a positive ion (an atom that has lost an electron): The ions swap electrons to achieve a full outer shell. Classifying materials
isotopes Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons are called isotopes. Classifying materials
lattice A lattice is a regular grid-like arrangement of atoms in a material. Classifying materials
lubricant A substance used to reduce the friction between two solid surfaces. Classifying materials
malleable If a material is malleable it is capable of being hammered or pressed out of shape without being likely to break or return to the original shape. Classifying materials
mass Mass is a measure of the amount of material in an object. It is measured in grams (g). Classifying materials
mass number The mass number (A) of an element is the number of protons plus the number of neutrons in the nucleus of the atom. Classifying materials
molecular compound A molecular compound is made up of at least two different elements, which share electrons to form covalent bonds. Classifying materials
molecule A molecule is a collection of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds. It is the smallest part of a substance that displays the properties of the substance. Classifying materials
molten Molten means reduced to liquid form by heating. It is mainly used to describe rock, glass or metal. Classifying materials
negligible So small as to be not worth considering. Classifying materials
nucleus Found at the centre of an atom, the nucleus contains protons and neutrons. Classifying materials
neutron A neutron is a particle that is found in the nucleus of an atom, has a mass approximately equal to that of a proton, and has no electric charge. Classifying materials
product A product is a substance formed in a chemical reaction. Classifying materials
protons A proton is a small particle with a positive charge found in the nucleus of the atom. Classifying materials
radioactive A radioactive isotope gives off (or is capable of giving off) radiant energy in the form of particles or rays by the spontaneous disintegration of the nucleus. Classifying materials
reactant A reactant is a substance put together with another substance/substances to undergo a chemical reaction. Classifying materials
relative mass The relative mass is the number of times heavier a particle is, compared to another. Classifying materials
stable Atoms are stable if their outer shell contains its maximum number of electrons. Classifying materials
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