Neuroimaging Assessment of Cerebral Vasospasm

Cerebral vasospasm following aneurysmal SAH can lead to devastating neurological sequelae in humans. The pathophysiology of this phenomenon has yet to be fully elucidated, primarily because of limitations of current experimental models. Animal models, which rely on in vitro examination of the cerebral arteries, have conventionally been the primary method for studying this condition. Imaging technologies are evolving which allow for in vivo evaluation of cerebral vasospasm in animals. These technologies include transcranial Doppler (TCD), computer tomorgraphy (CT) with angiography or perfusion, magnetic resonance imaging with angriography or spectroscopy, and positron emission tomography. This chapter reviews these imaging modalities which provide promising new options for in vivo examination of vasospasm, in both animal and human models.