Disulfide Conjugation of Peptides to Oligonucleotides and Their Analogs
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- Abstract
- Table of Contents
- Materials
- Figures
- Literature Cited
Abstract
Peptide conjugation of oligonucleotides and their analogs is being studied widely towards improving the delivery of oligonucleotides into cells. Amongst the many possible routes of conjugation, the disulfide linkage has proved to be the most popular. This reversible linkage may have advantages for cell delivery, since it is likely to be cleaved within cells, thus releasing the oligonucleotide cargo. It is straightforward to introduce thiol functionalities into both oligonucleotide and peptide components suitable for disulfide conjugation. However, severe difficulties have been encountered in carrying out conjugations between highly cationic peptides and negatively charged oligonucleotides because of aggregation and precipitation. Presented here are reliable protocols for disulfide conjugation that have been verified for both cationic and hydrophobic peptides as well as oligonucleotides containing deoxyribonucleosides, ribonucleosides, 2??O ?methylribonucleosides, locked nucleic acid (LNA) units, as well as phosphorothioate backbones. Also presented are reliable protocols for disulfide conjugation of peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) with peptides.
Keywords: conjugation; disulfide oligonucleotide; peptide; PNA
Table of Contents
- Strategic Planning
- Basic Protocol 1: Conjugation of Peptides with Oligonucleotide Analogs Containing Negatively Charged Phosphates
- Alternate Protocol 1: Conjugation of C‐Terminal Cys‐Containing Peptides to Oligonucleotides via Activation of the Oligonucleotide
- Basic Protocol 2: Conjugation of Peptides with Peptide Nucleic Acids
- Support Protocol 1: Determination of Molecular Mass by MALDI‐TOF Mass Spectrometry
- Support Protocol 2: Determination of Thiol Content by the Ellman's Test
- Commentary
- Literature Cited
- Figures
- Tables
Materials
Basic Protocol 1: Conjugation of Peptides with Oligonucleotide Analogs Containing Negatively Charged Phosphates
Materials
Alternate Protocol 1: Conjugation of C‐Terminal Cys‐Containing Peptides to Oligonucleotides via Activation of the Oligonucleotide
Basic Protocol 2: Conjugation of Peptides with Peptide Nucleic Acids
Materials
Support Protocol 1: Determination of Molecular Mass by MALDI‐TOF Mass Spectrometry
Materials
Support Protocol 2: Determination of Thiol Content by the Ellman's Test
Materials
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Figures
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Figure 4.28.1 Formation of disulfide‐linked conjugates of peptides and antisense cargoes. View Image -
Figure 4.28.2 HPLC chromatogram of conjugate formation from peptide RQIKIWFQNRRMKWKKGGC with (pys)S‐(CH2 )6 ‐5′‐2′‐ O ‐Me/LNA [C UC CC A GGC UC A]‐3′‐fluorescein; peaks (i) salts and formamide, (ii) excess peptide, (iii) conjugate product, (iv) unconjugated oligo(pys). The solid trace is at 280 nm and the dashed trace is at 480 nm, which identifies the fluorescein label on the oligonucleotide. View Image -
Figure 4.28.3 MALDI‐TOF mass spectra of GRKKKRRQRRRPC(S‐)‐S‐(CH2 )6 ‐5′‐2′‐ O ‐Me/LNA[CUC CCA GGC UCA]‐3′‐fluorescein conjugate: (A ) purified and (B ) pure conjugate with 0.5 eq. peptide added. View Image -
Figure 4.28.4 RP‐HPLC of (A ) the synthesis of RRRRRRRQIKIWFQNRRMKWKKGGC‐CK[CTCCCAGGCTCAGATC]PNA KKK and (B ) analysis of the purified product. View Image -
Figure 4.28.5 MALDI‐TOF mass spectrum of the conjugate described in Figure . View Image
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Literature Cited
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