DMSO的性质及应用

英文名称 ： Dimethyl Sulfoxide
中文名称 ： 二甲基亚砜
Molecular Weight：  78.13344 [g/mol] 
Molecular Formula：  C2H6OS
H-Bond Donor：  0
H-Bond Acceptor：  1
Formal Charge：  0
Complexity：  29

品种有：工业级二甲基亚砜、药用级二甲基亚砜、外用药级二甲基亚砜、无水级二甲基亚砜、试剂级二甲基亚砜、光谱纯级二甲基亚砜、电子级二甲基亚砜；工业级二甲基硫醚、试剂级二甲基硫醚、食用级二甲基硫醚；工业级二甲基、药用级二甲基砜、食品级二甲基砜；工业级甲硫醇钠等其他化学产品。

工业级-DMSO用途：
主要用于无水有机化学合成反应和医药及中间体合成反应溶剂，使用该溶剂能提高化学反应速度，提高反应物的了收率，缩短反应时间，使合成反应变得更加顺利。
药用级-DMSO用途：
主要用于医药及中间体合成反应溶剂，医药溶剂及药物的载体等，使用该溶剂能提高化学应速度，提高反应物收率。
无水级-DMSO用途：
主要用于医药及中间体合成反应溶剂，医药溶剂及药物的载体等，使用该溶剂能提高化学应速度，提高反应物收率
外用药-DMSO用途：
DMSO本身具有医疗作用，起到止痛，消肿，化淤，对皮肤病亦有特殊作用。本品主要使用于医疗和药物添加剂及药物载体方面使用
试剂级-DMSO用途:
DMSO用作液体层析溶剂，同时用作测试物质紫外消光值上时用作参照物，存在于液体形态。
电子级-DMSO用途：
电子级DMSO主要用电子电路板蚀刻后的清洗，同时用于稀土金属的生产及清、电容器电子器件。
二甲基砜（MSM）的用途：
二甲基砜用于人体保健，是人体不可缺少的有机生物硫元素。同时用于化工合成、油墨、高温介质等有机化工中间体。
甲硫醇钠（R-SNa）用途：
主要用于医药、农药、蛋氨酸、橡胶硫化剂中间体。

 

性质及应用 ：

A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. It dissolves both polar and nonpolar compounds and is miscible in a wide range of organic solvents as well as water. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.

生物学中的应用 ：

DMSO is used in PCR to inhibit secondary structures in the DNA template or the DNA primers. It is added to the PCR mix before reacting, where it interferes with the self-complementarity of the DNA, preventing the occurrence of interfering reactions. However, use of DMSO in PCR increases the mutation rate. PCR体系中DMSO的量一般不超过总体积的4% 。

医学上的应用：

In cryobiology DMSO has been used as a cryoprotectant and is still an important constituent of cryoprotectant vitrification mixtures used to preserve organs, tissues, and cell suspensions. Without it, up to 90 percent of frozen cells will become inactive. It is particularly important in the freezing and long-term storage of embryonic stem cells and hematopoietic stem cells, which are often frozen in a mixture of 10% DMSO and 90% fetal bovine serum, In the cryogenic freezine of heteroploid cell lines (MDCK, VIRO, etc)a mixture of 10% DMSO with 90% EMEM (70% EMEM + 30% fetal bovine serum + antibiotic mixture.) As part of an autologous bone marrow transplant the DMSO is re-infused along with the patient's own hematopoietic stem cells.

参考 ：

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimethyl_sulfoxide

http://www.dmso.org/articles/information/muir.htm

http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/search/ProductDetail/SIAL/ 472301

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