疟原虫 Malaria Terms

 

 

Terms Used in Relation to Malaria

    Sporozoite-The infective stage passed in the saliva of the mosquito and formed inside an oocyst by the process of sporogony.

    Schizont-The stage undergoing asexual division by multiple fission or segmentation. These may be found in the lover cells (pre-erythrocytic schizonts) or in the erythrocytes (erythrocytic schizonts)

    Merozoite-Is the product of division by schizogony

    Trophozoite-Is the stage of the asexual form with an undivided nucleus, seen in the erythrocyte.

    Microgametocyte-The male gametocyte which produces a number of microgametes.

    Exflagellation-The process by which microgametes are formed from a microgametocyte.

    Macrogametocyte-The female gametocyte which produces a single macrogamete.

    Zygote-The fertilized ovum.

    Ookinete-The motile stage of the zygote

    Sporogony-The sexual phase in the life cycle of certain protozoa. In Plasmodia this takes place in the mosquito vector.

    Romanowsky stain-Mixtures of methylene blue,eosin and methylene azure. Giemsa,  Leishman and Wrights are examples of Romanowsky stain.

    Schuffner's dots-Pinkish small and round stippling seen on P.vivax and P.ovale infected red cells, in Romanowsky stained films. They appear earlier and in greater numbers in P.ovale than in p.vivax.

    Maurer's dots-Coarse and irregular stippling seen on P.falciparum infected red cells in Romanowsky stained films.

    Ziemann's dots-Pinkish small dots sometimes seen in P.malariae infected red cells in Romanowsky stained films.

    Incubation period-The interval between the entry of sporozoites and the first clinical manifestation.

    Pre-patent period-The minimum time between the entry of sporozoites and the first appearance of parasites in red cells.

    Latency-The duration between the primary attack of malaria and the relapse. There are no parasites in the circulation during this period.

    Paroxysms-bouts of fever due to the liberation of merozoites during the erythrocytic schizogony.

    Recrudescence-Renewed manifestation of infection due to the survival of erythrocytic forms.

    Relapse(Recurrence)-Renewed manifestation of infection due to the invasion of blood by merozoites from the late pre-erythrocytic stage (previously known as secondary exo-erythrocytic stage).

    Re-infection-Renewed manifestation of infection not due to the original infection but resulting from subsequent fresh infection.

    疟疾（Malaria）是世界六大热带病和我国五大寄生虫病之一，对人类危害极大，非洲每年死于malaria的儿童约100万。malaria主要分布在热带、亚热带各国，在我国华南、华中的某些地区，特别是云南和海南省尚有不少病例，因此，malaria仍是我国重点防治的寄生虫病之一。

    疟原虫属原生动物亚界--顶复门--孢子纲--疟原虫属。

    寄生虫人体的疟原虫有四种：间日疟原虫、恶性疟原虫、三日疟原虫和卵形疟原虫。

    疟原虫经蚊叮咬感染人后引起malaria，典型临床表现是周期性寒战、发热和出汗。

    诊断主要靠外周血涂片检查。

    间日疟原虫用磷酸氯喹及磷酸伯氨喹治疗，恶性疟原虫用氯喹，对抗氯喹株则宜用青蒿素类药物、奎宁、咯萘啶、磺胺多辛和乙胺嘧啶等联合用药。